Business information systems and enterprise applications have continuously evolved into Business-IT systems over the last decades, directly linking and integrating Business Process Management with recent technology evolutions such as Web services and Service-Oriented Architectures. Many of these technological evolutions include areas of past academic research: Business rules closely relate to expert systems, Semantic Web technology uses results from description logics, attempts have been made to compose Web services using intelligent planning techniques, and the analysis of business processes and Web service choreographies often relies on model checking. As such, many of the problems that arise with these new technologies have been solved at least in principle.However, if we try to apply these “in principle” solutions, we are confronted with the failure of these solutions in practice: many proposed solution techniques do not scale to the real-world requirements or they rely on assumptions that are not satisfied by Business-IT systems.As has been observed previously, research in this area is fragmented and does not follow a truly interdisciplinary approach. To overcome this fragmentation, we propose the vision of a compiler for Business-IT systems that takes business process specifications described at various degrees of detail as input and compiles them into executable IT systems. As any classical compiler, the parsing, analysis, optimization, code generation and linking phases are supported. We describe a set of ten research problems that we see as critical to bring our compiler vision to reality.