The study draws on the dynamic capability perspective to explore how turbulent and competitive environments influence big data analytics capabilities which, in turn, impact supply chain (SC) agility. Survey data from 201 UK manufacturers is collected and analysed, and a moderation model is presented. The results show that in turbulent environments, characterized by high degrees of environmental dynamism, firms should leverage the volume, velocity and variety facets of big data which, in turn, enable sensing and creative search (dynamic) capabilities needed to adapt in such environments. In competitive environments however, where first mover advantage is crucial, firms should scale back on time consuming search capabilities (data variety). At the operational level, firms should exclusively leverage the velocity aspects of big data to enhance SC agility. Finally, while, previous studies have focused on analytical maturity as a prerequisite to big data implementation, this study finds that a reconfigured analytical orientation culture specifically on responsiveness, i.e. strategic alignment and predictive forecasting analytics, moderates the relationship between big data velocity and SC agility. The results of this study therefore fill a key gap in the SC management literature as the study demonstrates how environmental factors, both internal and external, influence big data and dynamic capability development in order to enhance SC agility.