Several earlier studies have viewed organizational culture (OC) as a key factor for performance measurement systems (PMS), yet its role is not well understood and the reviewed literature indicates a gap in articles describing the relationship between various types of OC and PMS. Thus, the following study sets out to explore how OC type impacts PMS design, implementation and use. The investigation is carried out using the case study methodology in two Moroccan manufacturing SMEs. Our findings suggest that there is a relationship between OC type and PMS life cycle.